Which equation represents the encryption process for RSA?

The RSA encryption process can be articulated through the mathematical expression involving modular arithmetic, and in this case, the correct choice aligns well with how RSA encryption is fundamentally structured.

RSA works by taking a plaintext message (M) and transforming it into ciphertext (C) using the public key. The encryption process can be summarized with the formula C = M^e mod n, where M is the plaintext, e is the public exponent, and n is the modulus. The equation presented in option A, though simplified, encapsulates this concept by illustrating the modular operation involved.

The notation Me % n can be interpreted in the context of modular exponentiation, where “e” indeed represents the exponent related to the RSA public key. While this choice might not explicitly include the exponent e, it implies the modular reduction fundamental to RSA encryption.

The other options present different contexts that do not correspond to the RSA encryption formula directly. For example, the option that involves P = Cd % N could refer to the decryption process rather than encryption, indicating the inverse operation of what we seek. The choice that states C = E(k,p) implies a more general encryption function rather than one specific to RSA. Lastly, the option P = k * M suggests a linear transformation