Which mathematical expression represents symmetric encryption?

The mathematical expression that represents symmetric encryption is accurately denoted by the formula where "C" stands for ciphertext, "E" represents the encryption function, "k" is the symmetric key, and "p" signifies plaintext. In this context, the expression reads as "C = E(k, p)", indicating that the plaintext "p" is encrypted using the symmetric key "k" through the function "E" to produce the ciphertext "C".

This aligns with the fundamental principle of symmetric encryption, where the same key is used for both encryption and decryption processes. In symmetric encryption, a single shared key is used to convert plaintext into ciphertext, making it accessible only to those who possess this key for decryption. Understanding this expression is crucial because it encapsulates the core mechanics of symmetric encryption, emphasizing the relationship between plaintext, ciphertext, and the key used in the process.